In a rare and delicate spectacle, some of the first frost flowers of the autumn season have graced the landscapes of Missouri, according to state wildlife officials. These ethereal natural wonders were discovered at Chesapeake Fish Hatchery, near Mount Vernon, on October 31, as revealed in photographs shared by the Missouri Department of Conservation on its official Facebook page.
But what exactly are these enchanting “frost flowers” that have garnered attention in the Show-Me State?
While the term “frost flowers” may suggest a floral origin, these delicate phenomena are not true flowers at all. Rather, they are exquisite ribbons of ice crystals that form on the lower stems of select Missouri native plants, as described by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Typically, they make their appearance in late autumn, with the ground still retaining warmth after a series of hard freezes. However, their existence is ephemeral, as they swiftly vanish on the very day they take shape, melting akin to frost when the atmosphere warms or the gentle touch of sunlight graces these delicate structures.
The process of how frost flowers come into being is a fascinating one. After a substantial freeze causes the stems of certain plants to rupture, the roots of these plants continue to transport plant sap from the relatively warm soil, as elucidated by the conservation department.
The sap, upon encountering the frigid air, freezes instantly, leading to the formation of these intricate, folded ribbons, which bear a striking resemblance to petals, cotton candy puffs, or delicate strands of white thread. While dittany, stinkweed, and white crownbeard are among the few native plants known to produce these exquisite frost flowers, scientists remain uncertain about the exact factors that make these plants unique.
It is postulated that perhaps these particular plants possess root systems that remain active later in the year compared to other species, or their stems experience just the right kind of rupture that encourages the creation of these sap-derived ribbons. “Whatever the reason may be, frost flowers only emerge on the stems of a select few species,” notes the state department.
For those intrigued by these natural wonders, locating frost flowers can be a rewarding yet elusive quest. It’s advised to seek out regions where dittany, stinkweed, and white crownbeard naturally flourish. Dittany is known to thrive in southern, central, and east-central Missouri counties, while white crownbeard can be found south of the Missouri River. Stinkweed, however, is less prevalent.
The Missouri Department of Conservation offers some guidance for those eager to witness the delicate beauty of frost flowers. As the fall frost season commences, the key is to venture out early to places where these frost-flower-producing plants are known to grow. Yet, it’s important to remember that being in the right place at the right time is essential, making it a unique experience that even seasoned naturalists may never encounter.
