Propagating succulents in water has become a popular method among plant enthusiasts. It offers a unique way to watch the growth process and can be quite rewarding. However, the time it takes to successfully propagate succulents in water can vary significantly depending on several factors. In this in – depth discussion, we will explore these factors and provide a comprehensive understanding of the time frame involved.
Types of Succulents and Their Propagation Time in Water
Echeveria
Leaf Propagation
Echeverias are commonly propagated from leaves. When placed in water, the time it takes for roots to form can range from 2 to 4 weeks. However, this is just the initial stage. After roots appear, it may take another 2 to 3 weeks for a small rosette or new growth to start developing at the base of the leaf. Some Echeveria varieties might be faster or slower depending on their specific characteristics. For example, Echeveria ‘Lola’ is relatively quick to show root growth within 2 weeks in ideal conditions, while others may take up to 4 weeks.
Stem Cutting Propagation
If propagating Echeveria from stem cuttings, roots usually start to form within 1 to 3 weeks. Once the roots are about an inch long, which might take an additional 2 weeks, the cutting can be transferred to soil. The total process from cutting to a plant ready to be potted in soil can take around 4 to 6 weeks.
Crassula
Common Varieties like Jade Plant (Crassula ovata)
When propagating the Jade Plant in water, leaf cuttings can take around 3 to 5 weeks to develop roots. The thick leaves of the Jade Plant store a good amount of water and nutrients, which can influence the rooting speed. After roots form, it may take another 2 to 4 weeks for a new plantlet to emerge. Stem cuttings of the Jade Plant usually root within 2 to 4 weeks, and within another 3 weeks, they can be ready for potting if the new growth is healthy.
Other Crassula Species
For other Crassula species with thinner leaves or different growth habits, the time can vary. Some may root in as little as 2 weeks for leaf cuttings, while others might take up to 6 weeks. Stem cuttings of these species generally take between 1.5 to 5 weeks to form roots, depending on the specific type and environmental conditions.
Sedum
Sedum with Small, Delicate Leaves
Sedum species with small and delicate leaves, such as Sedum acre, can root relatively quickly in water. Leaf cuttings can start showing roots within 1 to 2 weeks. However, the development of a full – fledged new plant can take an additional 3 to 4 weeks. Stem cuttings of these Sedums may root within 1 to 3 weeks, and the plant can be ready for soil transfer within 4 to 5 weeks.
Larger – leaved Sedum Varieties
Larger – leaved Sedum varieties might take a bit longer. Leaf cuttings can take 2 to 4 weeks to root, and new growth may appear 2 to 3 weeks after that. Stem cuttings for these varieties usually take 2 to 4 weeks to form roots, and the overall process until they are suitable for potting can be around 5 to 7 weeks.
Haworthia
Haworthia Propagation in Water
Haworthias are often a bit slower in water propagation compared to some other succulents. Leaf cuttings can take 3 to 6 weeks to develop roots. The unique structure of Haworthia leaves, with their thick and often textured surfaces, can affect the speed of water absorption and root development. After roots form, it may take another 3 to 5 weeks for new growth to be visible. Stem cuttings of Haworthias usually take 2 to 5 weeks to root, and the plant can be ready for potting in about 5 to 8 weeks.
Factors Affecting Propagation Time in Water Temperature
Ideal Temperature Range
The ideal temperature for succulent water propagation is between 65°F and 75°F (18°C and 24°C). In this range, the metabolic processes in the cuttings are optimized. At lower temperatures, such as below 60°F (15°C), the rooting process can slow down significantly. For example, if the temperature drops to 55°F (13°C), it can add an extra week or more to the rooting time of most succulent cuttings. On the other hand, temperatures above 80°F (27°C) can also be detrimental as they may cause the water to stagnate and increase the risk of rot, potentially delaying or halting the propagation process.
Seasonal Variations
During the spring and summer, when temperatures are naturally warmer, succulent cuttings tend to root faster in water. In contrast, in fall and winter, the lower temperatures and shorter daylight hours can prolong the propagation time. For instance, a succulent cutting that might take 3 weeks to root in summer could take up to 5 weeks in winter if kept in the same water – propagation setup.
Water Quality
Clean and Filtered Water
Using clean, filtered water is crucial for successful and timely water propagation. Tap water may contain chlorine, fluoride, and other chemicals that can be harmful to the cuttings. Chlorine can inhibit root growth and even damage the delicate tissues of the succulent cuttings. If tap water is used, it’s best to let it sit out for 24 hours to allow the chlorine to dissipate. Filtered or distilled water is preferable as it reduces the risk of chemical – induced delays in root development. Using such high – quality water can help maintain the health of the cuttings and potentially speed up the rooting process.
Water Changes
Regularly changing the water is also important. Stagnant water can quickly become a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, which can cause rot. Changing the water every 3 to 5 days helps keep the environment clean and oxygenated. This regular maintenance can have a significant impact on the propagation time. For example, if the water is not changed frequently, it can slow down the rooting process by a week or more as the cuttings struggle with poor water quality.
Light Conditions
Bright, Indirect Light
Succulent cuttings in water require bright, indirect light for optimal growth. Placing them near a north – or east – facing window is usually ideal. Adequate light is essential for photosynthesis, which provides the energy needed for root and new plant development. If the cuttings are in too much shade, the rooting process can be delayed. In very low – light conditions, it can take an additional 2 to 3 weeks for roots to form compared to when they are in proper light. However, direct sunlight can heat up the water and cause damage to the cuttings, so it’s important to avoid that.
Light Duration
The duration of light exposure also matters. Succulent cuttings need around 12 to 14 hours of light per day during the propagation process. This can be achieved naturally during the longer days of spring and summer. In fall and winter, when daylight hours are shorter, using artificial grow lights can help maintain the required light duration and prevent delays in propagation.
Monitoring and Troubleshooting During Water Propagation
Signs of Healthy Propagation
Root Development
Healthy root development is the first sign of successful propagation. The roots should be white and firm. In the early stages, fine root hairs may start to appear, indicating that the cutting is actively taking up water and nutrients. As the roots grow longer and thicker, it’s a positive sign that the propagation is progressing well. For example, in a healthy Echeveria leaf cutting, the roots should start to grow within the expected time frame and continue to elongate and branch out as the new plant forms.
New Growth Appearance
The appearance of new leaves or a small rosette at the base of the cutting is another sign of healthy propagation. This indicates that the cutting has enough energy and resources to start developing into a new plant. In some succulents, like Sedum, you may notice tiny green buds emerging from the base of the cutting within a few weeks after root formation.
Troubleshooting Delays or Problems
Rotting
Rotting is a common problem during water propagation. If you notice the cutting turning black or mushy, it’s likely due to poor water quality, overcrowding in the container, or a combination of both. Remove the affected cutting immediately to prevent the spread of rot. If the water is dirty or has not been changed frequently, clean the container and start with fresh water. You may also want to reduce the number of cuttings in the container to improve air circulation.
No Root Growth
If there is no root growth after several weeks, check the temperature, light, and water quality. Make sure the temperature is within the ideal range, the cuttings are getting enough bright, indirect light, and the water is clean. You can also try adding a small amount of rooting hormone to the water, following the product instructions carefully. However, be cautious as too much rooting hormone can be harmful to the cuttings.
Conclusion
The time it takes to propagate succulents in water can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the type of succulent, environmental conditions, and how well the propagation process is managed. By understanding the factors that influence this process and closely monitoring the cuttings, you can increase the chances of successful and timely propagation. Whether you’re a novice or an experienced plant lover, water propagation of succulents can be a fascinating and rewarding experience.
Related topics:
